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{{Infobox Person High Elves
 
{{Infobox Person High Elves
| image = Celebrimbor by Filat.jpg
+
| image = Shadow of Mordor - Celebrimbor profile.jpg
| caption = '''Celebrimbor''', the Lord of Eregion, by Filat
+
| caption = '''Celebrimbor''', as seen in the ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]''
 
| name = Celebrimbor
 
| name = Celebrimbor
 
| othernames = Telperinquar
 
| othernames = Telperinquar
 
| title = Prince of the Ñoldor, [[Lord of Eregion]], Head of Gwaith-i-Mírdain
 
| title = Prince of the Ñoldor, [[Lord of Eregion]], Head of Gwaith-i-Mírdain
| birth = [[Years of the Trees|YT]] ?
+
| birth = [[Years of the Trees|YT]]?
 
| rule =
 
| rule =
  +
| death = [[SA 1697]], [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix B]]: The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands), "The Second Age"</ref><ref>''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', Vol. 12: ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', VI: "The Tale of Years of the Second Age"</ref>
| death = [[SA 1697]]
 
| realms =
+
| realms = [[Eregion]]
 
| spouse = Unknown, possibly none
 
| spouse = Unknown, possibly none
 
| weapon =
 
| weapon =
Line 18: Line 18:
 
| eyes =
 
| eyes =
 
| actor =
 
| actor =
  +
| voice = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Duncan Alastair Duncan] (Shadow of Mordor)
| voice =
 
 
| character =
 
| character =
 
}}
 
}}
   
'''Celebrimbor''' was a [[Ñoldor]]in prince, last of the [[House of Fëanor]] left in [[Middle-earth]] and ruler of the [[Second Age]] realm of [[Eregion]], and the forger of the [[Rings of Power]].
+
'''Celebrimbor''' was a [[Ñoldor]]in prince, last of the [[House of Fëanor]], lived in [[Middle-earth]], and ruler of the [[Second Age]] realm of [[Eregion]], and the forger of the [[Rings of Power]].
   
 
==Biography==
 
==Biography==
  +
===First Age===
 
[[File:Family by Filat.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Celebrimbor as a child with his parents in Valinor, by Filat]]
   
Celebrimbor was born in [[Valinor]], the son of [[Curufin]], fifth son of [[Fëanor]] (son of [[Finwë]] and his first wife [[Miriel]]) and [[Nerdanel]]. His unnamed mother remained in [[Valinor]]. He followed his grandfather into exile, though little is said of his deeds during the [[First Age]]. He probably fled to [[Nargothrond]] after the [[Dagor Bragollach]] (Battle of Sudden Flame). However, he took no part in the deeds of Curufin and [[Celegorm]] regarding [[Lúthien]], [[Beren]], and [[Finrod]]. He even repudiated his father's deeds and did not follow him when the two brothers were expelled from Nargothrond. Celebrimbor survived the First Age and was probably was forced, due to the [[Doom of Mandos]], to remain in Middle-earth rather than return to Valinor, but perhaps freely elected to remain.
+
Celebrimbor was the son of [[Curufin]], fifth son of [[Fëanor]] (son of [[Finwë]] and his first wife [[Miriel]]) and [[Nerdanel]].<ref>''[[The Silmarillion]], [[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', Chapter V: "[[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]"</ref> During the [[First Age]], he lived with his father in [[Nargothrond]], but he took no part in the deeds of Curufin and [[Celegorm]] regarding [[Lúthien]], [[Beren]], and [[Finrod]]. He repudiated his father Curufin's deeds and did not follow his father and uncle when they were expelled from Nargothrond.<ref>''[[The Silmarillion]], [[Quenta Silmarillion]],'' Chapter XIX: "[[Of Beren and Lúthien]]"</ref>
   
  +
After the [[Sack of Nargothrond]], Celebrimbor came to [[Gondolin]], where he became a jewel smith under King [[Turgon]].<ref name=unfinished>''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Part Two: The Second Age, IV: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn, and of Amroth King of Lórien"</ref>
[[File:Family by Filat.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Celebrimbor as a child with his parents in Valinor, by Filat]]
 
   
  +
===Second Age===
He settled in Eregion in the Second Age and started dealing with the dwarves of the realm of [[Khazad-dûm]] . In SA 1500 an entity who called himself Annatar befriended the Ñoldor of Eregion. He claimed to be an emissary of the Valar specially Aule and started to teach them the art of ringmaking. Celebrimbor distrusted him but the smiths of Eregion were deceived.
 
   
  +
[[File:Celebrimbor by Filat.jpg|Celebrimbor, Lord of Eregion, by Filat.|thumb|right|200px]]
Under the guidance and instruction of Annatar, the smiths openly made [[Rings of Power#Several other lesser rings|rings]] to learn the craft. Annatar put a [[One Ring|binding magic]] into [[Rings of Power|sixteen rings]] personally. They were gifted to elves who keenly noticed the magic. Annatar got the rings back into his possession, and finally, re-gifted them: seven for the [[dwarves]], and nine for [[Nazgûl|men]].
 
   
 
Celebrimbor settled in Eregion in the [[Second Age]] and started dealing with the dwarves of the realm of [[Khazad-dûm|Khazad-dûm.]] In SA 1500 [[Sauron]], calling himself [[Annatar]] ("Lord of Gifts"), befriended the Ñoldor of Eregion. He claimed to be an emissary of the Valar, especially Aule, and instructed them in the art of ring-making.<ref name="rings">''[[The Silmarillion]], [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''</ref> Celebrimbor distrusted him, but the smiths of Eregion were deceived. Under the guidance and instruction of Sauron, the smiths openly made [[Rings of Power#Several other lesser rings|rings]] to learn the craft, but unknown to them the craft taught by Sauron incorporated a binding magic into the rings.
But secretly, without Annatar's knowledge, Celebrimbor created the three [[Rings of Power#The Three|Rings of the Elves]], the greatest and fairest of the Rings of Power. These rings were thus free of Annatar's corrupting influence. Celebrimbor named the rings [[Vilya]], [[Narya]] and [[Nenya]] after the principal Middle-earth elements of air, fire and water, respectively. According to the dwarves, the chief Dwarven Ring of Power was also made free of Sauron's influence and given to a dwarf personally by Celebrimbor. Though dwarves' lore and possibly true, it may not have any credibility. However, it would add more of an elemental sense to Celebrimbor's rings ("elemental" referring to the four basic originally-thought elements of fire, water, air, and earth), being as dwarves are known for prowess with stone and rock, it would not be much of a stretch of the imagination for it to have represented the ring of earth.
 
   
At this time, Annatar was secretly forging the [[One Ring]] which he designed to enable him to rule Middle Earth via its influence over the other rings. Annatar reassumed his role as the Dark Lord Sauron and placed the One Ring on his finger, claiming dominance over all the Rings of Power and their bearers. Celebrimbor and the Elves of Eregion defied Sauron by withholding the other rings from him. He sent the three rings away for safekeeping: [[Vilya]] and [[Narya]] to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]] (according to some versions he gave Narya directly to [[Cirdan]]), and [[Nenya]] to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]]. Sauron retaliated by attacking Eregion, laying waste to the realm. Celebrimbor was captured in the sack and was forced under torture to disclose where the Nine and the Seven were held, but he would not reveal the whereabouts of the three elvish rings. Sauron captured the lesser rings and used them as instruments of evil in later years, particularly against men. Celebrimbor died from his torment, the last direct descendant of the line of Fëanor (save perhaps for his father's brother [[Maglor]], whose fate is unknown and is said by some legends to still wander the shores of the Sea). His body was used as a banner by Sauron.
+
In secret, Sauron forged the [[One Ring]], a master ring that would rule all the lesser rings, to enable him to rule Middle Earth via its influence over those who used those other rings. When Sauron placed the One Ring on his finger, claiming dominance over all the Rings of Power and their bearers, the Elves knew his true identity and intentions. Celebrimbor and the Elves of Eregion defied Sauron by withholding the other rings from him. The greatest of the rings (aside from the [[One Ring]]) were created by Celebrimbor himself, and these were never touched by Sauron and thus were uncorrupted by him, although they were still subject to the [[One Ring]]. These were the three [[Rings of Power#The Three|Rings of the Elves]], the fairest of the Rings of Power. Celebrimbor named them [[Vilya]], [[Narya]], and [[Nenya]] after the principal Middle-earth elements of air, fire and water, respectively. He sent the three rings away for safekeeping: [[Vilya]] and [[Narya]] to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]].
   
  +
[[File:The death of celebrimbor by abepapakhian-d53u6xk.jpg|thumb|225px|right|The death of Celebrimbor, by abepapakhian]]
==Important Works==
 
   
  +
Sauron retaliated by attacking Eregion, laying waste to the realm. Celebrimbor was captured in the sack and was forced under torture to disclose where the lesser rings were, but he would not reveal the whereabouts of the [[Three Rings|three greatest of them]] that he had sent away for safekeeping. Celebrimbor died from his torment; his body was shot with arrows and hung upon a pole, and was later paraded as a banner as Sauron attacked the Elves.<ref name=unfinished/> He was the last direct descendant of the line of Fëanor—save perhaps for his father's brother [[Maglor]], whose fate is unknown and is said by some legends to still wander the shores of the Sea.
Celebrimbor was one of the most skilled smiths of Middle Earth. He forged some of the most important artifacts of Middle Earth. Amongst these are: [[Three Rings|The Three Rings]], [[Seven Rings|The Seven Rings]] (With the help of Sauron), [[Nine Rings|The Nine Rings]] (With the help of Sauron), [[Doors of Durin]] in Khazad-dûm (with the help of the dwarf [[Narvi]]). According to some versions of the stories he made a version of the Elessar as a gift to Galadriel who he loved.<ref>[[The Silmarillion]]: [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]</ref><ref>[[The Lord of the Rings]]</ref><ref>[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]</ref>
 
  +
<br clear=right/>
   
 
==Etymology==
 
==Etymology==
   
  +
His father-name is '''Telperinquar''', which means "Silver-fist" or "Hand of silver" in [[Quenya]]. It comes from the words ''telpë'' ("silver") and ''quár'' ("fist"). His mother-name remains unknown. The name '''Celebrimbor''' is the [[Sindarin]] translation of his father-name, which comes from ''celeb'' ("silver") and ''baur'' ("fist").<ref>''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', Vol. 5: ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Three: "The Etymologies"</ref><ref>''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'', Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in ''The Lord of the Rings'' by J.R.R. Tolkien</ref>
The name Celebrimbor means "silver-fist" or "Hand of silver" in [[Sindarin]] translated from his [[Quenya]]n father-name '''Telperinquar'''.
 
   
  +
==Character==
{{Fëanor}}
 
  +
  +
Celebrimbor was described to have an "almost Dwarvish obsession with crafts",<ref name=unfinished/> that he became a famous artificer and smith in both Gondolin and Eregion. His love for crafts took him to Eregion, where he found a precious metal and called it [[Mithril]]. He developed friendship with the Dwarves of [[Moria]], with whom he shared his skills and secrets. Upon realizing the trap which Sauron devised for him, Celebrimbor was filled with anxiety, and was later described as the heroic defender of Eregion.<ref name=ofdwarves/>
   
 
==Important Works==
{{Elves}}
 
  +
[[File:The moria gate.jpg|The Doors of Durin, a renowned work of Celebrimbor|thumb|150px|right]]
  +
  +
*[[Rings of Power]]
  +
**The Nine Rings of Men (with Annatar)
  +
**The Seven Rings of the Dwarves (with Annatar)
  +
**The Three Rings of the Elves
  +
*[[Doors of Durin]] (with [[Narvi]])<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book Two, Chapter IV: "[[A Journey in the Dark]]"</ref>
  +
*[[Elessar of Eärendil]] or [[Elfstone]] (made for [[Galadriel]], whom he loved)<ref name=unfinished/>
  +
<br clear=right/>
 
{{House of Fëanor}}
  +
  +
==Other versions of the legendarium==
  +
  +
In some accounts, Celebrimbor was a [[Sindarin]] elf, an ancestor of [[Daeron]], who used [[Feanor]]ian scripts.<ref name=ofdwarves>''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', Vol. 12: ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', X: "Of Dwarves and Men"</ref> Later, Celebrimbor was changed and became of Ñoldorin origin, and a survivor of the [[Fall of Gondolin]].<ref>''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', Vol. 12: ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', X: "Of Dwarves and Men", The Atani and their Languages, Notes</ref> In the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', a statement claims Celebrimbor to be one of the [[Teleri]] who accompanied [[Celeborn]] to exile.
  +
  +
==Portrayal in adaptions==
  +
===Video games===
  +
  +
[[File:Celebrimbor_(1).jpg|thumb|200px|Celebrimbor, as seen in ''The Shadow of Mordor'' video game]]
  +
  +
Celebrimbor appears in the video game ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', as the [[wraith]] assisting the Ranger Talion in destroying the forces of Sauron. Developers have revealed that he assists Talion due to the guilt he feels for creating the rings of power, and thus he feels ultimately responsible for the trouble Middle-earth is in. However, the Celebrimbor that appears in the game differs from the Tolkien Celebrimbor in that he not only makes the three elf rings, but he crafts all of the rings of power, and when captured helps Sauron reforge the one ring (via scribing the lettering of the ring upon it) he also gave the ring a will of its own. However, once Saurons intentions were revealed to him he stole the one ring and used it to command an army of Orcs and Uruks to defeat Sauron and claim Mordor. Celebrimbor uses the ring's power of invisibility to defeat Sauron, however the ring wanted to return to the dark lord and so slipped off of Celebrimbor's finger and onto Sauron's, breaking Celebrimbor's control of the Orcs. He was then tortured as punishment, had his family tortured and killed in front of him, before finally being beaten to death with his own Mithril hammer by Sauron.
  +
  +
[[File:Shadow of Mordor - Celebrimbor weapon.jpg|Celebrimbor's weapon in the game|230px|left|thumb]]
  +
  +
When the game takes place and the protagonist, Talion, is slain in a blood-ritual, he is bound to the Ranger, which allows Talion to return from the dead (in addition to many other abilities). However, he deceives Talion by pretending that the Black Hand of Sauron placed a curse on them, binding them together, where in reality Cerebrimbor chose Talion as his "host" and could have released him at any time. However, they defeat the Black Hand and decide to stay bound together in order to take down the Dark Lord with Talion suggesting they forge a new Ring as his eyes glimmer with the Wraith's power.
  +
  +
Celebrimbor is voiced by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Duncan Alastair Duncan].<ref>FORTÉ, M. (2014, August 7). TROY BAKER AND ALASTAIR DUNCAN TALK MIDDLE-EARTH- SHADOW OF MORDOR. Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://nerdist.com/exclusive-troy-baker-and-alistair-duncan-talk-middle-earth-shadow-of-mordor/</ref>
  +
  +
{{Sequence
  +
|before=None
  +
|title=[[Lord of Eregion]]
  +
|after=None, Eregion laid waste
 
|years=[[SA 1350]]-[[SA 1697]]
  +
}}
   
 
==References==
 
==References==
<references/>
+
<references />
   
 
==External link==
 
==External link==
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[[de:Celebrimbor]]
 
[[de:Celebrimbor]]
 
[[es:Celebrimbor]]
 
[[es:Celebrimbor]]
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[[fr:Celebrimbor]]
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[[it:Celebrimbor]]
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[[nl:Celebrimbor]]
 
[[pl:Celebrimbor]]
 
[[pl:Celebrimbor]]
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[[pt-br:Celebrimbor]]
 
[[ru:Келебримбор]]
 
[[ru:Келебримбор]]
 
 
[[Category:Sindarin words]]
 
[[Category:Sindarin words]]
 
[[Category:High Elves]]
 
[[Category:High Elves]]
 
[[Category:Noldor]]
 
[[Category:Noldor]]
 
[[Category:The Silmarillion Characters]]
 
[[Category:The Silmarillion Characters]]
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[[Category:Non-canonical Undead Apparitions]]

Revision as of 04:56, 24 April 2015

Celebrimbor was a Ñoldorin prince, last of the House of Fëanor, lived in Middle-earth, and ruler of the Second Age realm of Eregion, and the forger of the Rings of Power.

Biography

First Age

Family by Filat

Celebrimbor as a child with his parents in Valinor, by Filat

Celebrimbor was the son of Curufin, fifth son of Fëanor (son of Finwë and his first wife Miriel) and Nerdanel.[3] During the First Age, he lived with his father in Nargothrond, but he took no part in the deeds of Curufin and Celegorm regarding Lúthien, Beren, and Finrod. He repudiated his father Curufin's deeds and did not follow his father and uncle when they were expelled from Nargothrond.[4]

After the Sack of Nargothrond, Celebrimbor came to Gondolin, where he became a jewel smith under King Turgon.[5]

Second Age

Celebrimbor by Filat

Celebrimbor, Lord of Eregion, by Filat.

Celebrimbor settled in Eregion in the Second Age and started dealing with the dwarves of the realm of Khazad-dûm. In SA 1500 Sauron, calling himself Annatar ("Lord of Gifts"), befriended the Ñoldor of Eregion. He claimed to be an emissary of the Valar, especially Aule, and instructed them in the art of ring-making.[6] Celebrimbor distrusted him, but the smiths of Eregion were deceived. Under the guidance and instruction of Sauron, the smiths openly made rings to learn the craft, but unknown to them the craft taught by Sauron incorporated a binding magic into the rings.

In secret, Sauron forged the One Ring, a master ring that would rule all the lesser rings, to enable him to rule Middle Earth via its influence over those who used those other rings. When Sauron placed the One Ring on his finger, claiming dominance over all the Rings of Power and their bearers, the Elves knew his true identity and intentions. Celebrimbor and the Elves of Eregion defied Sauron by withholding the other rings from him. The greatest of the rings (aside from the One Ring) were created by Celebrimbor himself, and these were never touched by Sauron and thus were uncorrupted by him, although they were still subject to the One Ring. These were the three Rings of the Elves, the fairest of the Rings of Power. Celebrimbor named them Vilya, Narya, and Nenya after the principal Middle-earth elements of air, fire and water, respectively. He sent the three rings away for safekeeping: Vilya and Narya to Gil-galad in Lindon.

The death of celebrimbor by abepapakhian-d53u6xk

The death of Celebrimbor, by abepapakhian

Sauron retaliated by attacking Eregion, laying waste to the realm. Celebrimbor was captured in the sack and was forced under torture to disclose where the lesser rings were, but he would not reveal the whereabouts of the three greatest of them that he had sent away for safekeeping. Celebrimbor died from his torment; his body was shot with arrows and hung upon a pole, and was later paraded as a banner as Sauron attacked the Elves.[5] He was the last direct descendant of the line of Fëanor—save perhaps for his father's brother Maglor, whose fate is unknown and is said by some legends to still wander the shores of the Sea.

Etymology

His father-name is Telperinquar, which means "Silver-fist" or "Hand of silver" in Quenya. It comes from the words telpë ("silver") and quár ("fist"). His mother-name remains unknown. The name Celebrimbor is the Sindarin translation of his father-name, which comes from celeb ("silver") and baur ("fist").[7][8]

Character

Celebrimbor was described to have an "almost Dwarvish obsession with crafts",[5] that he became a famous artificer and smith in both Gondolin and Eregion. His love for crafts took him to Eregion, where he found a precious metal and called it Mithril. He developed friendship with the Dwarves of Moria, with whom he shared his skills and secrets. Upon realizing the trap which Sauron devised for him, Celebrimbor was filled with anxiety, and was later described as the heroic defender of Eregion.[9]

Important Works

The moria gate

The Doors of Durin, a renowned work of Celebrimbor


House of Fëanor

The Heraldic Device of the House of Fëanor

Finwë
   
   
Míriel
   
   
Mahtan
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Fëanor
   
   
   
   
   
   
Nerdanel
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Maedhros
   
   
Maglor
   
   
Celegorm
   
   
Caranthir
   
   
Curufin
   
   
Amrod
   
   
Amras
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Celebrimbor


Other versions of the legendarium

In some accounts, Celebrimbor was a Sindarin elf, an ancestor of Daeron, who used Feanorian scripts.[9] Later, Celebrimbor was changed and became of Ñoldorin origin, and a survivor of the Fall of Gondolin.[11] In the Unfinished Tales, a statement claims Celebrimbor to be one of the Teleri who accompanied Celeborn to exile.

Portrayal in adaptions

Video games

Celebrimbor (1)

Celebrimbor, as seen in The Shadow of Mordor video game

Celebrimbor appears in the video game Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor, as the wraith assisting the Ranger Talion in destroying the forces of Sauron. Developers have revealed that he assists Talion due to the guilt he feels for creating the rings of power, and thus he feels ultimately responsible for the trouble Middle-earth is in. However, the Celebrimbor that appears in the game differs from the Tolkien Celebrimbor in that he not only makes the three elf rings, but he crafts all of the rings of power, and when captured helps Sauron reforge the one ring (via scribing the lettering of the ring upon it) he also gave the ring a will of its own. However, once Saurons intentions were revealed to him he stole the one ring and used it to command an army of Orcs and Uruks to defeat Sauron and claim Mordor. Celebrimbor uses the ring's power of invisibility to defeat Sauron, however the ring wanted to return to the dark lord and so slipped off of Celebrimbor's finger and onto Sauron's, breaking Celebrimbor's control of the Orcs. He was then tortured as punishment, had his family tortured and killed in front of him, before finally being beaten to death with his own Mithril hammer by Sauron.

Shadow of Mordor - Celebrimbor weapon

Celebrimbor's weapon in the game

When the game takes place and the protagonist, Talion, is slain in a blood-ritual, he is bound to the Ranger, which allows Talion to return from the dead (in addition to many other abilities). However, he deceives Talion by pretending that the Black Hand of Sauron placed a curse on them, binding them together, where in reality Cerebrimbor chose Talion as his "host" and could have released him at any time. However, they defeat the Black Hand and decide to stay bound together in order to take down the Dark Lord with Talion suggesting they forge a new Ring as his eyes glimmer with the Wraith's power.

Celebrimbor is voiced by Alastair Duncan.[12]

Lord of Eregion
Preceded by
None
Celebrimbor Succeeded by
None, Eregion laid waste
SA 1350-SA 1697

References

  1. The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B: The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands), "The Second Age"
  2. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 12: The Peoples of Middle-earth, VI: "The Tale of Years of the Second Age"
  3. The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter V: "Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië"
  4. The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XIX: "Of Beren and Lúthien"
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Unfinished Tales, Part Two: The Second Age, IV: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn, and of Amroth King of Lórien"
  6. The Silmarillion, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age
  7. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 5: The Lost Road and Other Writings, Part Three: "The Etymologies"
  8. Parma Eldalamberon, Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien
  9. 9.0 9.1 The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 12: The Peoples of Middle-earth, X: "Of Dwarves and Men"
  10. The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, Book Two, Chapter IV: "A Journey in the Dark"
  11. The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 12: The Peoples of Middle-earth, X: "Of Dwarves and Men", The Atani and their Languages, Notes
  12. FORTÉ, M. (2014, August 7). TROY BAKER AND ALASTAIR DUNCAN TALK MIDDLE-EARTH- SHADOW OF MORDOR. Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://nerdist.com/exclusive-troy-baker-and-alistair-duncan-talk-middle-earth-shadow-of-mordor/

External link