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Adûnaic (i.e. "Language of the west") was a language of Men, spoken only by the Númenóreans during the Second Age.

History[]

Adûnaic was derived from Bëorian and Hadorian tongues, collectively called Taliska of the Atani. During the Second Age, a Bëorian accent still survived in parts of Númenor, most notably in Emerië and around the harbour of Andúnië. Most of the House of Bëor had been killed after the Dagor Bragollach, and therefore the accent of the House of Hador had become most prevalent.

Adûnaic seems not to have been influenced by the language of the Second House of Men, the Halethian language, at all: when the Númenóreans returned to Middle-earth in the Second Age, they did not recognise the people of Enedwaith and the Forest-folk of Minhiriath as their distant kin, because they spoke a descendent of the Halethian language.[citation needed]

Black Adûnaic in the Third Age[]

Westron or Common Speech, widely spoken in Middle-earth in the Third Age, was largely derived from Adûnaic. The Black Númenóreans of Umbar and other Númenórean colonies spoke a related tongue in the Third Age called Black Adûnaic, which was closer to the old tongue, as it was not enriched by Elvish influence.[citation needed]

Conceptual history[]

Unlike Khuzdûl and the many Elvish languages, J.R.R. Tolkien based the Taliskan branch of Mannish languages on Germanic languages. However, he conceived Adûnaic with "faintly Semitic flavour" due to the influence of Khuzdûl in Taliska since the Elder Days.[1]

Adûnaic wordlist[]

  • ar - royal
  • nimir - elf
  • zimra - jewel
  • phel - daughter
  • azru - sea
  • aglaril - brilliant
  • dolgu - black
  • zagar - sword
  • Îr - one
  • arnu - king
  • gimil - star
  • minil - sky
  • Ûrî - sun
  • nilû - moon
  • zadna - house
  • zîr - friend
  • thon - gatherer
  • khôr - lord
  • sapthan - wizard
  • balak - ship
  • Zôr - flame
  • pharaz - gold
  • adun - west

References[]

External links[]

See also[]

Translations[]

Foreign Language Translated name
Azerbaijani آدونائیک (Southern)
Belarusian Cyrillic Адунаік
Bulgarian Cyrillic Адунаик
Chinese 阿登奈克語
Dutch Adûnaïsch
Esperanto Aduna lingvo
French Adûnaïque
Georgian ადუნაიკი
German Adûnaïsch
Hebrew אדונאית
Italian Adûnaico
Japanese アドゥーナイク
Korean 아두나익
Latin Lingua Adûnaica
Lombard Lengua adûnaica
Norwegian Adûnaisk
Persian آدونائیک
Polish Język adûnaicki
Portuguese Adûnaico
Russian Адунаик
Slovenian Adunajščina
Spanish Adunaico
Swedish Adûnaiska
Thai อดูนาอิค
Ukrainian Cyrillic Адунаік
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